SP1 zkVM product
Overview
SP1 is a zero-knowledge virtual machine built by Succinct Labs that proves the correct execution of programs compiled for the RISC-V architecture. Its practical significance is developer accessibility: instead of hand-writing arithmetic circuits in a specialised DSL, engineers write ordinary Rust — or C, C++ or anything else that compiles to RISC-V or via LLVM — and SP1 generates a cryptographic proof that the program ran correctly. The project is open source and Succinct describes it as the fastest and most feature-complete zkVM. It has been audited by Veridise, Cantina, Zellic and KALOS and is recommended for production use. SP1 is deployed in Polygon's AggLayer for cross-chain security, Celestia's Blobstream bridge, and general verifiable computation for rollups and light clients. Succinct later introduced SP1 Hypercube, a next-generation version that it says can produce proofs for Ethereum blocks in under 12 seconds, with reported proving cost of roughly 0.1 US cents per average Ethereum transaction on cloud GPU instances. Succinct Labs released SP1 as an open-source RISC-V zkVM, had it audited by Veridise, Cantina, Zellic and KALOS, and saw adoption in Polygon's AggLayer and Celestia's Blobstream. It later shipped SP1 Hypercube, claiming real-time Ethereum proving with sub-12-second block proofs.
Within the DeFi Intel graph, SP1 zkVM connects to 15 tracked entities, most strongly to RISC Zero zkVM, Succinct Labs, Groth16.
Relations
Top connections in the DeFi Intel knowledge graph (confidence-weighted, 10 of 15 total).
| Relation | Connected entity | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
competes_with | RISC Zero zkVM | 95% |
builds | Succinct Labs | 95% |
outputs_proof_format | Groth16 | 95% |
uses_architecture | RISC-V zkVM Architecture | 95% |
used_by | Union | 95% |
used_by | Polygon Labs | 85% |
used_by | Aligned Verification Layer | 85% |
verifies_proofs_from | Aligned Verification Layer | 85% |
used_by | Linea (Consensys) | 85% |
uses | Linea (Consensys) | 85% |
Frequently asked questions
What is SP1 zkVM?
SP1 zkVM is an infrastructure tracked in the DeFi Intel knowledge graph. It is connected to 15 other tracked entities, most strongly to RISC Zero zkVM, Succinct Labs, Groth16.
What type of entity is SP1 zkVM?
SP1 zkVM is classified as an infrastructure (product) in the DeFi Intel knowledge graph.
What is SP1 zkVM connected to?
In the DeFi Intel knowledge graph, SP1 zkVM is linked to 15 other tracked entities, most strongly to RISC Zero zkVM, Succinct Labs, Groth16.
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